ABSTRACT
The techniques described in this chapter are less well understood by most psychologists than many of those covered in earlier chapters. This is partly because they are often not covered in an undergraduate research methods course, except possibly as an advanced option in the final year. To understand how they are calculated involves a level of mathematics which many undergraduates do not possess and the majority of the techniques are not covered in many undergraduate texts. In addition, the results of these techniques are sometimes more difficult to interpret. These factors may contribute to the fact that such techniques are much less frequently used than the univariate and bivariate techniques described in earlier chapters.
