ABSTRACT
In order for virtual reality (VR) applications to be successfully implemented in a complex industry such as construction, they must be part of a vertically integrated construction environment (ICE). Whether immersive or non-immersive techniques are used in the VR applications, users must be able to visualize design and construction information in 3D, photo-realistic, and interactive images. The user
must also be able to interact with external applications at real-time, thus, allowing VR systems not only to be used as presentation tools, but also as a universal interface for all construction applications. Finally, construction professionals must be able to view, alter, test, etc. any function or part of the proposed design and at any stage of the project life cycle through the virtual space.
