ABSTRACT
WlTH THE DECLINE OF THE KANGAKU JUKU and the emergence of a new type of juku, which did not directly evolve from the traditional one, this study could end. However, while kangaku juku after 1868 have been neglected by academic researchers, they have often received the attention of local historians, writers and educators. Much of the source material on juku has been preserved as a result of activities devoted to commemorating individual kangaku scholars and their juku. Moreover, almost before it disappeared, the traditional juku became “reinvented”. To examine the formation of this “juku myth” also serves to scrutinize the process by which much of our information about juku has been transmitted.
