ABSTRACT
The Hooligan’s Fear of the Penalty
Jon Garland and Michael Rowe
Football-related disorder is still evident at league and national team fixtures in England. This piece assesses the levels and trends of this disorder, and examines the methods developed to police hooliganism in the 1990s, including the use of close-circuit television, private police and police intelligence gathering. Although these strategies have had some impact in reducing levels of disorder, the number of incidents of violence still occurring seems to indicate that ‘solving the problem’ of football-related disorder is not simply a matter of concentrating on organized hooligan gangs, as it is contested that much of the ‘hooliganism’ is unorganized and spontaneous.
