ABSTRACT
The winter of 1846 did not pass quietly. In Daghestan Shamil’s nā’ibs threatened the Alazān valley and the confederation of Aqūsha. In Chechnia the nā’ibs continually raided the Ghumuq plain and the Line. The Russians had not planned any offensive operations for 1846. Thus, their activity came mainly in response to the mountaineers’ initiatives. 1
