ABSTRACT
A formal contract is wholly in writing, usually in the form of a deed, and does not require consideration. A promise (or term) of a contract made by deed is called a covenant. A deed can be unilateral (that is, made by only one party) and this is often called a deed poll. A deed made by two or more parties is called an indenture. Some types of contracts must be in writing and must be made by deed to be effective (for example, a conveyance of non-Torrens title land).
