ABSTRACT
These injuries are conveniently classified into either medial or lateral collateral ligament complex injuries. There may be associated cruciate or meniscal damage.
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) originates from the medial epicondyle of the femur and is inserted approximately 4 cm distal to the medial joint line on the proximal tibia. The MCL has classically been described as consisting of three layers: the first, and most superficial, is the crural fascia; the second, the superficial medial collateral (the primary static stabilizer to valgus stress); and the third, the menisco-tibial and meniscofemoral portions of the deep medial collateral ligament.
