ABSTRACT
The genetic code is the rules that specify how the nucleotide sequence of an messangerRibonucleic acid (mRNA) is translated into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. Most amino acids in proteins are specified by more than one codon. Each base in the codon base pairs with its complementary base in the anticodon. During protein synthesis, each codon is recognized by a triplet of bases in a specific transferRNA molecule. genetic code. The mRNA sequence can be read by the ribosome in three possible reading frames. Usually only one reading frame codes for a functional protein since the other two reading frames contain multiple termination codons. Coding regions of genes contain relatively long open reading frame (ORF) unlike noncoding DNA where ORFs are comparatively short. In mitochondrial mRNAs, some codons have different meanings from their counterparts in mRNA in the cytosol.
