ABSTRACT
Glycolysis is a set of reactions that take place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The roles of glycolysis are to produce energy (both directly and by supplying substrate for the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation) and to produce intermediates for biosynthetic pathways. Glycolysis is a series of reactions that takes place in the cytoplasm of all prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Glycolysis converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. Two adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules are needed for early reactions in the glycolytic pathway but four ATPs are generated later, giving a net yield of two ATPs per molecule of glucose degraded. There are two distinct methods by which cells synthesize ATP. Early in glycolysis, two ATPs are required for the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate by hexokinase and for the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by phosphofructokinase (PFK).
