Directive’s legal basis in Article 118A as it did not accept that the working time regulations (primarily a maximum 48 hour average week) were justifiable on health and safety grounds. As an outcome of a meeting at Maastricht, a revised founding Treaty was signed on 7 February 1992. This, the Treaty of European Union, recorded the renewed commitment of the Member States to the Union, ‘resolved to mark a new stage in the process of European integration undertaken with the establishment of the European Communities ...’. But, at this stage, the UK did not commit itself to the Social Chapter (based on the 1989 Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers) agreed by the other Member States. Following the election of a new UK Government in 1997, the UK committed itself fully to the Social Chapter, which had been adopted by the other Members States at Maastricht. After a meeting held at Amsterdam in October 1997, a Consolidated Version of the Treaty Establishing the European Community was published. This Treaty to some extent amended, but largely reproduced, the substantive provisions of the Treaty of Rome as it had evolved since 1957. There is, however, considerable re-numbering of these Articles. The former Article 100A is now Article 95 and the former Article 118 is now Articles 137–40, representing the changes introduced by the Social Chapter adopted at Maastricht. The renumbering relates to the period after Maastricht rather than to the original Treaty of Rome. There is no longer an Article exclusively concerned with occupational health and safety. Thus, the transformation of Article 118A is sufficient to warrant both the old Article and the new ones being set out below. The former Article 118A was placed in the social policy area of the Treaty but directives founded on it could be adopted by a qualified majority vote. This procedure gives each Member State a number of votes according to its size in relation to the Community as a whole. Nevertheless, no single State, even a large one like the UK, has sufficient votes to prevent the adoption of a measure. This may have been one reason why Article 118A was heavily relied on during the period when the UK was not fully committed to the Community’s social policy. The Working Time Directive was one such directive. THE TREATY OF ROME

DOI link for Directive’s legal basis in Article 118A as it did not accept that the working time regulations (primarily a maximum 48 hour average week) were justifiable on health and safety grounds. As an outcome of a meeting at Maastricht, a revised founding Treaty was signed on 7 February 1992. This, the Treaty of European Union, recorded the renewed commitment of the Member States to the Union, ‘resolved to mark a new stage in the process of European integration undertaken with the establishment of the European Communities ...’. But, at this stage, the UK did not commit itself to the Social Chapter (based on the 1989 Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers) agreed by the other Member States. Following the election of a new UK Government in 1997, the UK committed itself fully to the Social Chapter, which had been adopted by the other Members States at Maastricht. After a meeting held at Amsterdam in October 1997, a Consolidated Version of the Treaty Establishing the European Community was published. This Treaty to some extent amended, but largely reproduced, the substantive provisions of the Treaty of Rome as it had evolved since 1957. There is, however, considerable re-numbering of these Articles. The former Article 100A is now Article 95 and the former Article 118 is now Articles 137–40, representing the changes introduced by the Social Chapter adopted at Maastricht. The renumbering relates to the period after Maastricht rather than to the original Treaty of Rome. There is no longer an Article exclusively concerned with occupational health and safety. Thus, the transformation of Article 118A is sufficient to warrant both the old Article and the new ones being set out below. The former Article 118A was placed in the social policy area of the Treaty but directives founded on it could be adopted by a qualified majority vote. This procedure gives each Member State a number of votes according to its size in relation to the Community as a whole. Nevertheless, no single State, even a large one like the UK, has sufficient votes to prevent the adoption of a measure. This may have been one reason why Article 118A was heavily relied on during the period when the UK was not fully committed to the Community’s social policy. The Working Time Directive was one such directive. THE TREATY OF ROME

Directive’s legal basis in Article 118A as it did not accept that the working time regulations (primarily a maximum 48 hour average week) were justifiable on health and safety grounds. As an outcome of a meeting at Maastricht, a revised founding Treaty was signed on 7 February 1992. This, the Treaty of European Union, recorded the renewed commitment of the Member States to the Union, ‘resolved to mark a new stage in the process of European integration undertaken with the establishment of the European Communities ...’. But, at this stage, the UK did not commit itself to the Social Chapter (based on the 1989 Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers) agreed by the other Member States. Following the election of a new UK Government in 1997, the UK committed itself fully to the Social Chapter, which had been adopted by the other Members States at Maastricht. After a meeting held at Amsterdam in October 1997, a Consolidated Version of the Treaty Establishing the European Community was published. This Treaty to some extent amended, but largely reproduced, the substantive provisions of the Treaty of Rome as it had evolved since 1957. There is, however, considerable re-numbering of these Articles. The former Article 100A is now Article 95 and the former Article 118 is now Articles 137–40, representing the changes introduced by the Social Chapter adopted at Maastricht. The renumbering relates to the period after Maastricht rather than to the original Treaty of Rome. There is no longer an Article exclusively concerned with occupational health and safety. Thus, the transformation of Article 118A is sufficient to warrant both the old Article and the new ones being set out below. The former Article 118A was placed in the social policy area of the Treaty but directives founded on it could be adopted by a qualified majority vote. This procedure gives each Member State a number of votes according to its size in relation to the Community as a whole. Nevertheless, no single State, even a large one like the UK, has sufficient votes to prevent the adoption of a measure. This may have been one reason why Article 118A was heavily relied on during the period when the UK was not fully committed to the Community’s social policy. The Working Time Directive was one such directive. THE TREATY OF ROME