first included in the 1988 Act and generally permitted until such time as a licensing scheme is established.

In consideration of the licensee’s payment of the licence fee to the CLA and subject to the provisions of Clause 4 of this part [which deals with payments], the CLA as agent for the Authors’ Licensing and Collecting Society, the Publishers’ Licensing Society and the Reproduction Rights Organisations in the overseas Mandating Territories by the issue of the licence certificate, duly signed and stamped, grants the licence to the licensee.