ABSTRACT
Flank pain is typical. It may be provoked by measures that increase urine volume and hence distension of the collecting system such as a high fluid intake or diuretics, including alcohol. Complete anuria is strongly suggestive of complete bilateral obstruction or complete obstruction of a single kidney. Conversely, polyuria (an increased urine volume) may occur in partial obstruction owing to impairment of renal tubular concentrating capacity consequent upon tubular damage due to back pressure and other factors. Intermittent anuria and polyuria indicate intermittent complete obstruction. Infection complicating obstruction may give rise to malaise, fever and features of septicaemia.
