A Political and Economic Dictionary of South Asia

Adhaalath Party

Adhikari, Man Mohan

Aditya Birla Group

Advani, Lal Krishna

Affirmative Action

Agartala Conspiracy Case

Agrani Bank

Agricultural Development Bank Nepal (ADBN)

Ahimsa

Ahmadiyya/Ahmadis

Ahmed, Tajuddin

Aid-to-Bangladesh Consortium

Aid-to-India Consortium

Aid-to-Pakistan Consortium

Akali Dal

Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP)

Aksai Chin

All-Assam Gana Sangram Parishad (AAGSP)

All-Assam Students' Union (AASU)

All-Ceylon Buddhist Congress

All-Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC)

All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)

All-India Forward Bloc

All-India Hindu Mahasabha (HMS)

All-India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimen (AIMIM)

All-India Radio (AIR)

All-India Railwaymen's Federation (AIRF)

All-India Sikh Student Federation (AISSF)

All-India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)

All-India Trinamool Congress/Nationalist Trinamool Congress (AITC)

All-Pakistan Muhajir Students Organization (APMSO)

All-Pakistan Muslim Parties Convention

All-Pakistan Women's Association (APWA)

All-Party Hurriyat Conference (APHC)

All-Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF)

Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)

Al-Zulfikar Organization

Ambani, Dhirubhai

Ambedkar, Dr Bhimrao Ramji

Andaman and Nicobar

Andhra Pradesh

Ansars and Village Defence Party (VDP)

Anti-Ahmadiyya Movement

Anti-Blasphemy Law

Aphno Manchhe

Arthasastra

Ashraf

Asom Gana Parishad (AGP)

Associated Press of Pakistan (APP)

Association of Development Agencies in Bangladesh (ADAB)

Atoll

Awami League — see Bangladesh Awami League Awami National Party (ANP)

Ayodhya Conflict

Azad Kashmir

Bahajan Samaj Party (BSP)

Bahun

Bajrang Dal (BD)

BAKSAL — see Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League Balochistan

Bandaranaike Family

Bandh

Bangalore

Bangla Movement

Bangladesh, People's Republic of

Bangladesh, Political Development

Bangladesh, Economic Development

Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD)

Bangladesh Awami League (AL)

Bangladesh Bank (BB)

Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation (BCIC)

Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS)

Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BAKSAL)

Bangladesh Liberation War

Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)

Bangladesh Rifles (BDR)

Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC)

Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Sangstha (BSRS)

Bangladesh Student Politics

Bank of Bhutan — see Bhutan, Economic Development—Banking System Bank of Ceylon (BOC)

Bank of Maldives PLC (BML)

BASIC Bank

Basic Democracies (BD—Pakistan)

Basu, Jyoti

Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Co-operation (BIMSTEC)

Bharat

Bharat Ratna

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU)

Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)

Bhasani, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan

Bhattarai, Baburam

Bhattarai, Krishna Prasad

Bhindranwale, Jarnail Singh

Bhopal Industrial Accident

Bhutan, Kingdom of

Bhutan, Political Development

Bhutan, Economic Development

Bhutan Broadcasting Service Corporation (BBS)

Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI)

Bhutan Development Finance Corporation (BDFC) — see Bhutan, Economic Development—Banking System Bhutan People's Party (BPP)

Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation (BTF)

Bhutto, Benazir

Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali

Bihar

Biju Janata Dal (BJD)

Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh (BDB)

Biraderi System

Birendra, King

Bodoland Movement

Bofors Scandal

Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)

Border Security Force (BSF)

Buddhist Movement (Sri Lanka)

Bullock Capitalists

Caretaker Government (Bangladesh)

Caste System

Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)

Chakari

Chand, Lokendra Bahadur

Chandigarh

Chhattisgarh

Chhetris

Chhoesi

Chimi

Chipko Movement

Chipon

Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Conflict

Choudhury, Badruddoza

Comilla Model — see Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) Communist Party of Bangladesh (CPB)

Communist Party of India (CPI)

Communist Party of India—Marxist (CPI—M)

Communist Party of Nepal (CPN)

Communist Party of Nepal—Maoist (CPN—M)

Communist Party of Nepal—Unified Marxist-Leninist (CPN—UML)

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)

Comrade Prachanda (Pushpa Kamal Dahal)

Confederation of Indian Industries (CII)

Confidence-building Measures (CBMs)

Congress — see Indian National Congress Congress System

Council for Ecclesiastical Affairs (Dratshang Lhentshog)

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Dalit

Daman and Diu

Delhi

Democracy Day

Democratic Action Committee (DAC)

Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA)

Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd (DSE)

Dharma

Dharna

Dhivehi Raiyyithunge Party (DRP)

Didi, Abdulla Afif

Didi, Muhammad Amin

Didi, Sultan Muhammad Farid (Fareed)

Donoughmore Commission

Doordarshan

Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd

Dragpo tewa

Dratshang

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK—Dravidian Progress Party)

Dravidian

Driglam Namzha (Culture Policy)

Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King)

Drukpa

Drukyul

Dzong

Dzongkha

Dzongkhag

Eelam

Eelam People's Democratic Party (EPDP)

Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF)

Eleven-Party Alliance

Emergency — see India, Political Development Ershad, Gen. Hossain Mohammad

Export Promotion Bureau (EPB)

Farakka Issue

Fatwa

Federal Party (FP)

Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA)

Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA)

Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)

Four-Party Alliance

Fourteen-Party Opposition Movement

Gakid

Gan

Gandhi, Indira

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand

Gandhi, Sonia

Gano Forum (People's Forum)

Gawadar Project — see Balochistan Gayoom, Maumoon Abdul

Gewog

Gherao

Goa

Gono/Gana Adalat

Gram Sarkar (Gram Parishad)

Grameen Bank Project

Gramodaya Mandalas

Green Revolution

Gross National Happiness (GNH)

Gujarat

Gung

Gup

Gurkha (Gorkha)

Gyanendra, King

Harijan

Harkat ul-Ansar/Harkat ul-Mujahideen (HuM)

Hartal

Haryana

Hasina Wazed, Sheikh

Himachal Pradesh

Hindi-Chini bhai bhai

Hindustan

Hindutva

Hizbul Mujahideen (HM)

Hossain, Kamal

Hundi System (Pakistan)

Imam, Jahanara

India, Republic of

India, Political Development

India, Economic Development

India Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO)

Indian Administrative Service (IAS)

Indian Federal Democratic Party (IFDP)

Indian Military Training Team (IMTRAT)

Indian National Congress (INC)

Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)

Indian Ocean

Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)

Indian Police Service (IPS)

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

Indo-Ceylon Agreements (Sri Lanka)

Indo-Lanka Accord

Indus Waters Treaty

Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)

Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan (IDBP)

Infosys Technologies Ltd

Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA)

Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB)

Islam, Syed Nazrul

Islami Jamiat i Tulaba (IJT)

Islami Jatiya Oikya Front (IJOF)

Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA/IJI)

Islamic Democratic Party (IDP)

Islamic Oikya Jote (IOJ)

Jabmi

Jaffna

Jajmani System

Jamaat-e-Islami (Bangladesh)

Jamiat-i-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI)

Jamiat-i-Ulema-i-Pakistan (JUP)

Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI)

Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF)

Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (JKNC)

Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party (JKPDP)

Jana Andolan

Janajati

Janata Dal—Secular (JD—S)

Janata Dal—United (JD—U)

Janatha Vimukhti Peramuna (JVP—People's Liberation Front)

Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU—National Heritage Party)

Jatis

Jatiya Party (JP)

Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (JSD)

Jatiya Sangsad — see Bangladesh, Political Development—Legislature Jatiyo Rakkhi Bahini — see Rakkhi Bahini Jayawardene, Junius Richard

Je Khenpo

Jharkhand

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM)

Jihad/Jehad

Jinnah, Muhammad Ali (Quaid-i-Azam)

Jirga

Kagyupa School

Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)

Kalabagh Dam

Kalam, Abdul

Karachi Accord (Pakistan People's Party-Muttahida Qaumi Movement Accord)

Kargil Conflict

Karnataka

Kashmir Dispute

Kerala

Kerala Congress—Joseph (KC—Joseph)

Khalistan

Khan, Ayub

Khan, Liaquat Ali

Kidu System

Koirala, Bisweswor Prasad

Koirala, Girija Prasad

Kuensel

Kumaratunga, Chandrika

Lakshadweep

Lashkar-e-Toiba (LET)

Left Democratic Front (LDF)

Left Front (India)

Lhengye Nyamdrel Tshogchung

Lhotshampa

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)

Licence Permit Raj

Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)

Line of Actual Control (LAC)

Line of Control (LoC)

Linguistic Regionalism

Lok Jan Shakti Party (LJSP)

Lok Sabha

Luso

Madhesis

Madhya Pradesh

Madrasas

Mahajan

Maharashtra

Mahatma Gandhi — see Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand Mahaweli Project

Mahendra, King

Majeed, Sultan Abdul

Majlis

Maldives, Republic of Divehi Rajje ge Jumhuriyya

Maldives, Political Development

Maldives, Economic Development

Maldives Stock Exchange

Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP)

Malé

Mandal Commission

Manjur Faction

Maoist Insurgency — see People's War Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK)

Mastan/Mastani Culture

Matubbars

McMahon Line

Microcredit

Mizo National Front (MNF)

Monopolies And Restrictive Trade Act (MRTP)

Mujib Bahini

Mukti Bahini

Muluki Ain

Mumbai

Musharraf, Gen. Pervez

Muslim League — see Pakistan Muslim League (PML) Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Bill (India)

Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA)

Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM)

Naga National Council (NNC)

Nagaland People's Front (NPF)

Namgyal, Ngawang

Narayan, Jayaprakash/J. P. Movement

Narmada Dam

Nasir, Ibrahim Amir

National Awami Party (NAP)/National Awami Party—Bhasani (NAP—B)

National Bhikku Front (NBF)

National Democratic Alliance (NDA)

National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB)

National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT)

National Loktantrik Party (NLP, National Democratic Party)

National Security Services (NSS)

National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN)

National Stock Exchange (NSE)

National Unity Alliance (NUA)

National Women Association of Bhutan (NWAB)

Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)

Naxalite Movement

Nehru-Gandhi Family

Nehru, Jawaharlal

Nepal, Kingdom of

Nepal, Political Development

Nepal, Economic Development

Nepal Rastra Bank

Nepal Sadbhavana Party (NSP)

Nepalese Issue/Conflict

Nepali Congress (NC)

Nepali Congress Party (NC)

Ngalong

North East Frontiers Agency (NEFA)

North East India

North West Frontier Province (NWFP)

Northern Areas — see Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

Nuclearization

Operation Blue Star

Operation Enduring Freedom

Orissa

Other Backward Classes (OBCs)

Pakistan, Islamic Republic of

Pakistan, Political Development

Pakistan, Economic Development

Pakistan Democratic Alliance (PDA)

Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM)

Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists (PFUJ)

Pakistan Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry (PFCCI)

Pakistan-India Trade Agreement 1951

Pakistan Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation (PICIC)

Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC)

Pakistan Muslim League (PML)

Pakistan National Alliance (PNA)

Pakistan People's Party (PPP)

Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Ltd (PTCL)

Panchasheela/Panch Shila

Panchayat System

Panchayati Raj

Partition

Patriotic National Movement (PNM)

Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK)

Peljor Gongphel

People's Alliance (PA)

People's Democratic Party (PDP) — see Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party (JKPDP) People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE, also PLOT)

People's Majlis

People's Special Majlis

People's War

People's War Group (PWG)

Phuntsholing

Pir

Pondicherry

Ponnambalam, G. G.

Prabhakaran, Veluppilai

Prasar Bharati

Premadasa, Ranasinghe

Punjab (India)

Punjab (Pakistan)

Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman, Ziaur

Raj

Rajapakse, Mahinda

Rajasthan

Rajya Sabha

Rakkhi Bahini

Rana Family

Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd

Rao, Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha

Rapid Action Battalion (RAB)

Rashtra

Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)

Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD)

Rashtriya Panchayat

Rashtriya Prajatantra Party (RPP)

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)

Rasta Roko/Railway Roko

Reliance Group — see Ambani, Dhirubhai Republican Party of India (A) (RPI—A)

Reservation Policy/Anti-reservation Movement

Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)

Rohingya Issue

SAARC — see South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation Samajwadi Janata Party—Rashtriya (SJP—R)

Samajwadi Party (SP)

Sangh Parivar

Sarvodaya

Satyagraha

Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar

Scheduled Castes (SCs)

Scheduled Tribes (STs)

Senanayake, Don Stephen

Shah Bano Case

Shah Dynasty

Shaheed

Shalish

Shanti Bahini

Sharchop

Sharif, Mian Nawaz

Shi‘a—Sunni Conflict in Pakistan

Shiv Sena

Siachen Glacier

Sikder, Siraj

Sikh Conflict — see Khalistan; Operation Blue Star Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF)

Siliguri Corridor

Simla Agreement

Sind

Singh, Ganesh Man/Ganesh Man Singh Shrestha

Singh, Manmohan

Singh, Moni

Singh, G. Zail

Sinhala Only Policy

Six-Point Programme

Small Farmers Development Project (SFDP)

Sonali Bank

Soulbury Commission

South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC)

South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA)

SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement (SAPTA)

Sramik Karmachari Oikyo Parishad (SKOP)

Sri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic of

Sri Lanka, Political Development

Sri Lanka, Economic Development

Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP)

Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC)

State Bank of India (SBI)

State Bank of Pakistan

Stranded Pakistanis (Biharis)

Swadeshi

Swanirvar

Swaraj

Taher, Col Abu

Taluka

Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO)

Tamil Language

Tamil Nadu

Tamil National Alliance (TNA)

Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF)

Tarai (Terai) Region

Tashkent Agreement

Tata Group

Tawang

Telangana Rashtriya Samithi (TRS)

Telugu Desam Party (TDP)

Thapa, Surya Bahadur

Thimpu

Thram

Thrimkhang Gongma

Thrimshung Chenmo

Trade and Transit Dispute

Tribes — see Scheduled Tribes (STs) Tribhuvan, King

Tsa-Wa-Sum

Union Territory

United Left Front (ULF)

United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA)

United National Liberation Front (UNLF)

United National Party (UNP)

United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP)

United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)

United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA)

United Progressive Alliance (UPA)

‘Untouchables'/‘Untouchability'

Uttar Pradesh

Uttaranchal

Vajpayee, Atal Behari

Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP)

Vote Bank

Wangchuck Dynasty

West Bengal

Wipro Infotech

Women's Action Forum (Pakistan)

Workers' Party of Bangladesh

Zaki, Ahmed

Zhiwey Zhung yog

Zia, Begum Khaleda

Zia ul-Haq, Gen. Muhammad