ABSTRACT
Council of 1949-10 • Faci litate greater Europe unity
• Promote spiritual and moral values
• Facilitate social progress
• Uphold principles of parl iamentary democracy, rule of law and respect for human rights
• To preserve principles of democracy and common heritage
• Promote European integration
• Economic, cultural and social collaboration
ECSC/EEC 1952/1958-6 • To lay foundations for ever closer union among people
• To lay foundations for avoidance of war
• Economic and social progress
• Elimination of barriers and restrictions on trade ; creation of a 'common market'
• Improvement of living and working conditions
• Reduction of imbalances between regions
EFTA 1960-7 • Limited industrial free area
• Forum to negotiate with EEC
• Fair trade between member states
Warsaw Pact 1955-92 8 • Institutionalisation of USSR and satellite relations
• Mirror of NATO • Immediate
response to FRG membership of NATO
COMECON 1949-91 6 • Response to OEEC
• Attempt to impose Soviet economic control
• Uniting efforts of members
• Economic development
• Advances in welfare
CSCE/OSCE 1975-94 35 OSCE 1995-53 (but • Indivisibility of
Yugoslavia security suspended) • Inviolable but
non-immutable frontiers
• Sets norms of behaviour
• 3 'baskets': • security, arms
control and confidencebuilding measures
• economic, scientific and technological co-operation
• human rights, rights to selfdetermination and humanitarian concerns
REVOLUTION
• On 7 October 1989 the East German regime had celebrated the fortieth anniversary of its coming to power;
• by the end of the month their long-term leader (Erich Honecker) had been ousted;
• on 9 November the Berlin Wall , the physical and symbolic monument to the division of Germany and Europe, was dismantled by the people ;
• on 31 August 1990 the Treaty of Union was signed by representatives of the two Germanies;
• on 12 September the Treaty on the Final Settlement with respect to Germany was signed by leaders of the four occupying powers and the two Germanies;
• and on 3 October German unification by the accession of the five Eastern Lander (regions of the former DDR) to the Federal Republic of Germany took place.
