ABSTRACT
The types of contracts discussed so far may not always be suitable for certain courses or learning situations. This chapter presents some alternative ways in which learning contracts may be used. The essential feature of all the options presented here is that the emphasis remains on meeting identified learning needs and allowing each learner as much autonomy as possible in a given context. What follows are some examples of both minor and major variations to the basic model. A minor variation retains the key features of the contract method but introduces some type of restriction, shortcut or local practice for the convenience of either the students or the advisers, or both. A more substantial variation introduces an additional element to the standard approach, such as negotiations with a number of learners at the same time.
