ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we look at written examinations and tests. Neither term is easy to define as there are many types of exam and test. Gronlund (1968) seems to use the word 'test' to mean both tests and exams, while Habeshaw, et al. (1993) use both terms, but do not explain the difference between them. Brown et al., (1997) avoid the word 'test', but Rowntree (1987) uses both terms extensively, although often in specialized contexts, such as objective, oral, personality and intelligence tests.
