ABSTRACT
The growth of the centralized Soviet state, the broadening scope of internal repression and the need for unity against the Whites had considerably reduced the impact of the popular movement in Soviet-held areas. Part of it had been absorbed into the party and state, part had been intermittently active against centralization. A third, and probably the largest part, had simply tried to get by in the worsening conditions. However, civil war against the Whites was virtually over by the end of 1919. The broader revolutionary war, on the other hand, still had major crises to negotiate. Expectations that the discipline imposed on the revolution by the White threat would break down once they were defeated were not disappointed.
