ABSTRACT
In the 1990s, the economic model employed so successfully by the television networks increasingly was transferred to the Internet industry through the development of sites, known as portals, which, like the TV networks, conglomerated content. A key part of this emerging Internet business model was the rise of a system of audience measurement to identify and track its users. Wall Street investors; banner, pop-up, and pop-under advertisers; domains; and web-property owners desired such information in a variety of breakdowns.
