ABSTRACT
This chapter details the problems with velars ‘k’, ‘g’ and ‘ng’ (fronting) or alveolars ‘t’, ‘d’, and ‘n’ (backing) and problems with ‘sh’ (produced as ‘s’). It focuses on activities, concerned with fronting of velars, backing of alveolars and fronting of palatoalveolar ‘sh’, which designed to help the child listen and distinguish words with and without the target sounds. The sounds made with the back of the tongue on the soft palate are replaced by sounds made with the tongue tip on the alveolar ridge. When children are fronting they produce ‘k’, ‘g’ and ‘ng’ as ‘t’, ‘d’ and ‘n’, respectively. Children commonly use the pattern of context sensitive voicing in combination with fronting. The opposite of the fronting pattern can also happen. Here children produce the alveolar sounds ‘t’, ‘d’ and ‘n’, as the velar sounds ‘k’, ‘g’ and ‘ng’. In normal development children can usually produce velar sounds consistently in words by four years of age.
