ABSTRACT
Figure 6.1 A hardly perceptible agger nasi bulge in front of the left middle turbinate
Figure 6.2 A slightly bigger agger nasi in front of the right middle turbinate
It is most probably pneumatized and covers an agger nasi cell underneath it
Figure 6.4 Another prominent pneumatized right agger nasi
Figure 6.5 The largest agger nasi seen by the author (short arrow). It caused a severe right nasal blockage that necessitated surgical intervention to relieve the blockage. The long arrow points to the middle turbinate
Figure 6.6 The CT scan of the patient in Figure 6.5 showing the pneumatization reaching the lacrimal bone anteriorly
Figure 6.7 A CT scan of a patient whose right agger nasi pneumatization reached the ascending process of the
Figure 6.8 A depression in front of the right middle turbinate, a ‘reversed agger nasi’. This is an uncommon normal variant
Figure 6.9 A retracted left anterior fontanelle (short arrow). Note its location posterior to the maxillary line (long arrow) and anterior to the uncinate process (arrow-head)
Figure 6.10 Numerous pits in the mucosa of a right agger nasi represent openings of glands. The arrow points to the middle turbinate
Two ostia in a right agger nasi cell
Figure 6.12 A right agger nasi (short arrow) continuous with the uncinate process (long arrow). This variant is understandable because both are derived from the same fetal turbinate
beyond the middle turbinate (arrowhead). The long arrow points to the bulla ethmoidalis
Figure 6.14 After infracturing the right middle turbinate, the tip of the endoscope may be advanced so that the uncinate process (short arrow) can be better seen. The hiatus semilunaris (long arrows) lies in front of the bulla ethmoidalis (arrowhead)
Figure 6.15 Another hiatus semilunaris (short arrows) lying between the bulla ethmoidalis (long arrow) and the uncinate process (arrowhead)
This is an uncinate process and not a turbinate, because, by following it posteriorly, it is found to end just where the uncinate process usually ends, above the inferior turbinate. The long arrow points to the middle turbinate
Figure 6.17 A split right middle turbinate. The lower part (short arrow), when followed posteriorly, reaches the sphenopalatine area where the tail of the middle turbinate ends. It should not be confused with a prominent uncinate process. The long arrow points to the septum
Figure 6.18 Another uncommon variant on the right side. Note the middle turbinate (short arrow); the prominent bulla ethmoidalis (long arrow), and the uncinate process (arrowhead)
Figure 6.19 A similar variant in another patient. Note the right middle turbinate (short arrow), the very prominent bulla ethmoidalis (long arrow) and uncinate process (arrowhead)
Figure 6.20 On first look, this picture of an uncommon variant may be confusing. The short arrow points to the right middle turbinate, the arrowhead to the uncinate process, and the open arrow to the bulla ethmoidalis. The long arrow points to a primary septal turbinate
Figure 6.21 A rare variant in which the left uncinate process (short arrow) arises from the middle turbinate (long arrow). Note the bulla ethmoidalis (arrowhead)
Figure 6.22 uncinate process (short arrows). The long arrow points to the bulla ethmoidalis and the arrowhead to the undersurface of the middle turbinate
Figure 6.23 A very large right uncinate process (short arrow) which proved to be pneumatized on the CT scan. The long arrow points to the middle turbinate
Figure 6.24 The CT scan of a pneumatized right uncinate process, an uncommon variant
Figure 6.26 The CT scan of the patient in Figure 6.25. The arrow points to the large bulla ethmoidalis. Note the mucosal thickenings of sinusitis
Figure 6.27 A hanging left bulla ethmoidalis (short arrow). The long arrow points to the uncinate process and the arrowhead to the middle turbinate
Figure 6.28 A cyst (short arrow) hanging from a prominent right bulla ethmoidalis (long arrow). The arrowhead points to the middle turbinate
Figure 6.29 A bulging left posterior fontanelle (short arrow] in a normal subject with bilateral maxillary pneumosinus dilatans. The long arrow points to the middle turbinate
Figure 6.30 The CT scan of the same subject as in Figure 6.29 showing the bilateral pneumosinus dilatans. Note how the maxillary sinuses have invaded space usually occupied by the ethmoid cells or the nasal cavities. This is the diagnostic feature of this condition
Figure 6.31 A bulging right posterior fontanelle (short arrow) in a normal subject with a unilateral maxillary pneumosinus dilatans. The long arrow points to the middle turbinate
Figure 6.32 The CT scan of the same subject as in Figure 6.31 showing the bulge of the medial wall of the right
Figure 6.33 A thin and flat right anterior fontanelle (short arrow) in a normal subject. It is a rare variant of normal. The long arrow points to the uncinate process and the arrowhead to the middle turbinate
