ABSTRACT
Following the momentous events of the nineteenth century, there was an enormous expansion in the study of aphasia at the turn of the twentieth century and hundreds of papers were published. For instance, a book by von Monakow (1914) lists more than 2000 references to aphasia. This was a time when a range of developments progressed in parallel. On the one hand, Wernicke’s model continued to be dominant, and work inspired by localisationist-connectionist models culminated in the publications of Samuel Eberhard Henschen and Karl Kleist. On the other hand, powerful crosscurrents emerged from the holists, like Pierre Marie and Henry Head, who also influenced developments. Within the scope of this development Hughlings Jackson was also (re-)discovered. At the same time association psychology was slowly superseded by other psychological schools (Ringer, 1983: 173ff.) and there was a rejection of aphasiology that focused on the word and a growing interest in impairments in sentence-level grammatical processing, especially in the German research.
