ABSTRACT
Confucius, 222 Protagoras, 705 Verrius Flaccus, Marcus, 930
EMPERORS. See ROMAN EMPERORS EMPIRE-BUILDING. See EXPLORATION, GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS, and WARFARE AND CONQUEST ENGINEERING. See INVENTION AND TECHNOLOGY ETHICS. See PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, and THEOLOGY EXPLORATION. See also WARFARE AND CONQUEST
Hanno, 368 Pytheas, 731
GEOGRAPHY
Anaximander, 50 Eratosthenes of Cyrene, 303 Hipparchus, 407 Strabo, 828
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS. See also LAW, PHAROAHS, ROMAN CAESARS, ROMAN EMPERORS, and WARFARE AND CONQUEST
Agesilaus II, 16 Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, 20 Akhenaton, 23 Akiba ben Joseph, 27 Alcibiades, 31 Alexander the Great, 38 Ambrose, Saint, 43 Antigonus I Monophthalmos, 60 Antony, Marc, 69
Ashurbanipal, 105 Ashurnasirpal II, 109 Aśoka the Great, 112 Aspasia, 115 Attila, 124 Augustus, 132 Brutus, Marcus Junius, 140 Caesar, Julius, 147 Caligula, 152 Cassius (Longinus), 159 Cato the Censor, 162 Cato the Younger, 166 Ch’in Shih Huang-ti, 176 Ch’ü Yüan, 187 Cicero, 194 Cimon, 198 Claudius I, 203 Cleisthenes of Athens, 207 Cleomenes, 214 Cleopatra VII, 218 Constantine the Great, 226 Cyrus the Great, 233 Darius the Great, 236 Demosthenes, 253 Diocletian, 263 Draco, 280 Epaminondas, 290 Fabius Maximus, Quintus, 334 Genseric, 342 Gracchi, The, 345 Hadrian, 356 Hammurabi, 360 Hatshepsut, 371 Herod the Great, 390 Kanishka, 494 Maecenas, Gaius, 519 Marcus Aurelius, 523 Marius, Gaius, 528 Masinissa, 535 Menander (Indian king), 541 Menes, 547 Messalina, Valeria, 550 Miltiades the Younger, 553 Mithradates the Great, 557 Nebuchadnezzar II, 569 Nefertiti, 573 Nero, 577 Pericles, 609
Philip II of Macedonia, 628 Piankhi, 636 Pilate, Pontius, 640 Pisistratus, 648 Pittacus of Mytilene, 651 Pompey the Great, 679 Psamtik I, 709 Ptolemy Philadelphus, 716 Ptolemy Soter, 720 Ramses II, 734 Samuel, 746 Sargon II, 754 Scipio Aemilianus, 757 Scipio Africanus, 760 Seleucus I Nicator, 767 Seneca the Younger, 770 Sesostris III, 774 Shapur II, 778 Solomon, 798 Solon, 803 Sulla, Lucius Cornelius, 833 Tacitus, Cornelius, 837 Themistocles, 857 Theodosius the Great, 868 Thutmose III, 889 Tiberius, 892 Tigranes the Great, 896 Trajan, 899 Tutankhamen, 904 Vercingetorix, 922 Vespasian, 933 Zoser, 978
HISTORIOGRAPHY. See also EDUCATION and SCHOLARSHIP
Athanasius, Saint, 119 Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 173 Eusebius of Caesarea, 322 Herodotus, 394 Josephus, Flavius, 483 Livy, 504 Pan Ku, 589 Polybius, 673 Sallust, 742 Ssu-maCh’ien, 818 Strabo, 828 Tacitus, Cornelius, 837 Thucydides, 885
INVENTION AND TECHNOLOGY Archimedes, 76 Ctesibius of Alexandria, 231 Eupalinus of Megara, 314
LAW. See also GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
Ch’in Shih Huang-ti, 176 Cicero, 194 Cleisthenes of Athens, 207 Darius the Great, 236 Demosthenes, 253 Draco, 280 Hammurabi, 360 Solon, 803
LITERATURE. See also ORATORY Aesop, 13 Ashurbanipal, 105 Caesar, Julius, 147 Callimachus, 156 Catullus, 169 Ch’ü Yüan, 187 Chuang-tzu, 190 Cicero, 194 Deborah, 246 Ennius, Quintus, 287 Eratosthenes of Cyrene, 303 Gregory of Nazianzus, 349 Hesiod, 402 Homer, 420 Horace, 424 Hsieh Ling-yün, 429 Juvenal, 488 Kālidāsa,491 Lucian, 507 Lucretius, 511 Maecenas, Gaius, 519 Marcus Aurelius, 523 Martial, 532 Ovid, 585 Phaedrus, 618 Pindar, 644 Plutarch, 670 Propertius, Sextus, 702 Sappho, 750 Seneca the Younger, 770 Simonides, 787 Solon, 803 Sophocles, 807
T’ao Ch’ien, 841 Terence, 844 Tertullian, 848 Theophrastus, 873 Vergil, 926 Xenophanes, 955 Xenophon, 958
MATHEMATICS
Apollonius of Perga, 72 Archimedes, 76 Diophantus, 272 Eratosthenes of Cyrene, 303 Euclid, 307 Eudoxus of Cnidus, 310 Hero of Alexandria, 387 Hipparchus, 407 Hypatia, 436 Pappus, 593 Ptolemy, 712 Pythagoras, 727 Sosigenes, 811
MEDICINE Alcmaeon, 34 Aretaeus of Cappadocia, 81 Asclepiades of Bithynia, 101 Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 173 Diocles of Carystus, 260 Dioscorides, Pedanius, 276 Erasistratus, 299 Galen, 338 Herophilus, 398 Hippocrates, 411 Imhotep, 443
MILITARY AFFAIRS. See GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS and WARFARE AND CONQUEST MONASTICISM. See also RELIGION
Anthony of Egypt, Saint, 56 Buddha, 144 Chuang-tzu, 190 Jerome, Saint, 463 Vardhamāna, 915
MUSIC. See also THEATER AND DRAMA Aristoxenus, 98 Pindar, 644 Pythagoras, 727
NATION-BUILDING. See EXPLORATION, GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS, and
WARFARE AND CONQUEST NATURAL HISTORY. See also ASTRONOMY
Anaxagoras, 47 Anaximander, 50 Aristotle, 94 Empedocles, 282 Lucretius, 511 Pliny the Elder, 662
ORATORY. See also LITERATURE
Chrysostom, Saint John, 184 Cicero, 194 Gregory of Nazianzus, 349
PATRONAGE OF THE ARTS
Kanishka, 494 Nero, 577 Pisistratus, 648 Scipio Aemilianus, 757
PHAROAHS Akhenaton, 23 Hatshepsut, 371 Menes, 547 Nefertiti, 573 Psamtik I, 709 Ptolemy Philadelphus, 716 Ramses II, 734 Sesostris III, 774 Thutmose III, 889 Tutankhamen, 904 Zoser, 978
PHILOLOGY. See LITERATURE PHILOSOPHY. See also RELIGION and THEOLOGY
Alcmaeon, 34 Anaxagoras, 47 Anaximenes of Miletus, 53 Antisthenes, 66 Aristippus, 85 Aristotle, 94 Aspasia, 115 Augustine, Saint, 128 Buddha, 144 Cato the Younger, 166 Chuang-tzu, 190 Cicero, 194 Confucius, 222 Democritus, 249 Diogenes, 268
Empedocles, 282 Epicurus, 295 Galen, 338 Heraclitus of Ephesus, 382 Hippolytus of Rome, 415 Hsieh Ling-yün, 429 Hsün-tzu, 433 Hypatia, 436 Isocrates, 456 Lao-tzu, 498 Lucretius, 511 Mencius, 543 Parmenides, 596 Philo of Alexandria, 632 Plato, 655 Plotinus, 666 Porphyry, 683 Posidonius, 686 Proclus, 698 Protagoras, 705 Pyrrhon of Elis, 724 Pythagoras, 727 Seneca the Younger, 770 Socrates, 793 Thales of Miletus, 852 Theophrastus, 873 Valentinus, 911 Wang Ch’ung, 943 Wang Pi, 949 Xanthippe, 952 Xenophanes, 955 Xenophon, 958 Zeno of Citium, 967 Zeno of Elea, 972
PHYSICS. See ASTRONOMY and NATURAL HISTORY PHYSIOLOGY. See MEDICINE POETRY. See LITERATURE POLITICS. See GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS POPES
Clement I, 210
RELIGION. See also BIBLICAL FIGURES, PHILOSOPHY, POPES, SAINTS, and THEOLOGY
Aaron, 1 Abraham, 5 Akhenaton, 23 Akiba ben Joseph, 27 Ambrose, Saint, 43
Anthony of Egypt, Saint, 56 Aśoka the Great, 112 Athanasius, Saint, 119 Augustine, Saint, 128 Buddha, 144 Christopher, Saint, 180 Chrysostom, Saint John, 184 Clement I, Pope, 210 Constantine the Great, 226 David, 241 Deborah, 246 Denis, Saint, 257 Diogenes, 268 Eusebius of Caesarea, 322 Ezekiel, 326 Ezra, 330 Gregory of Nazianzus, 349 Gregory of Nyssa, 352 Helena, Saint, 375 Hippolytus of Rome, 415 Ignatius of Antioch, 440 Irenaeus, Saint, 447 Isaiah, 452 Jeremiah, 459 Jesus Christ, 467 Johanan ben Zakkai, 471 John the Apostle, 475 John the Baptist, 479 Kanishka, 494 Menander (Indian king), 541 Moses, 561 Origen, 581 Patrick, Saint, 600 Peter, Saint, 614 Pilate, Pontius, 640 Priscillian, 694 Samuel, 746 Simeon Stylites, Saint, 783 Siricius, Saint, 790 Solomon, 798 Stephen, Saint, 822 Tertullian, 848 Theodore of Mopsuestia, 861 Theodoret of Cyrrhus, 865 Thomas, Saint, 880 Ulfilas, 908 Valentinus, 911 Vardhamāna, 915
Vincent of Lérins, Saint, 936 Virgin Mary, 939 Xenophanes, 955 Zoroaster, 975
ROMAN CAESARS Augustus, 132 Caesar, Julius, 147 Caligula, 152 Claudius I, 203 Tiberius, 892 Vespasian, 933
ROMAN EMPERORS Constantine the Great, 226 Diocletian, 263 Hadrian, 356 Marcus Aurelius, 523 Nero, 577 Theodosius the Great, 868 Trajan, 899
SAINTS
Ambrose, Saint, 43 Anthony of Egypt, Saint, 56 Athanasius, Saint, 119 Augustine, Saint, 128 Christopher, Saint, 180 Chrysostom, Saint John, 184 Clement I, Pope, 210 Denis, Saint, 257 Gregory of Nazianzus, 349 Gregory of Nyssa, 352 Helena, Saint, 375 Hippolytus of Rome, 415 Ignatius of Antioch, 440 Irenaeus, Saint, 447 Jerome, Saint, 463 John the Apostle, 475 John the Baptist, 479 Patrick, Saint, 600 Paul, Saint, 604 Peter, Saint, 614 Simeon Stylites, Saint, 783 Siricius, Saint, 790 Stephen, Saint, 822 Thomas, Saint, 880 Vincent of Lérins, Saint, 936
SCHOLARSHIP. See also EDUCATION and HISTORIOGRAPHY Jerome, Saint, 463
Josephus, Flavius, 483 Porphyry, 683 Varro, Marcus Terentius, 918
SCIENCE. See also ASTRONOMY, MEDICINE, and NATURAL HISTORY Alcmaeon, 34 Anaxagoras, 47 Anaximander, 50 Anaximenes of Miletus, 53 Apollonius of Perga, 72 Archimedes, 76 Aretaeus of Cappadocia, 81 Aristotle, 94 Asclepiades of Bithynia, 101 Celsus, Aulus Cornelius, 173 Diocles of Carystus, 260 Diophantus, 272 Dioscorides, Pedanius, 276 Empedocles, 282 Erasistratus, 299 Eratosthenes of Cyrene, 303 Euclid, 307 Eudoxus of Cnidus, 310 Galen, 338 Hero of Alexandria, 387 Herophilus, 398 Hipparchus, 407 Hippocrates, 411 Hypatia, 436 Imhotep, 443 Lucretius, 511 Nabu-rimanni, 566 Pappus, 593 Pliny the Elder, 662 Ptolemy, 712 Pythagoras, 727 Pytheas, 731 Sosigenes, 811 Thales of Miletus, 852 Theophrastus, 873
STATECRAFT. See GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS and WARFARE AND CONQUEST
TECHNOLOGY. See INVENTION AND TECHNOLOGY THEATER AND DRAMA. See also MUSIC
Aeschylus, 9 Aristophanes, 88 Euripides, 317 Menander (dramatist), 538 Plautus, 659
Thespis, 877 THEOLOGY. See also PHILOSOPHY and RELIGION
Diogenes, 268 Gregory of Nyssa, 352 Nefertiti, 573 Origen, 581
WARFARE AND CONQUEST. See also GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
Agesilaus II, 16 Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, 20 Alcibiades, 31 Alexander the Great, 38 Antigonus I Monophthalmos, 60 Antiochus the Great, 63 Antony, Marc, 69 Ashurnasirpal II, 109 Attila, 124 Boadicca, 136 Brutus, Marcus Junius, 140 Caesar, Julius, 147 Cassius (Longinus), 159 Ch’in Shih Huang-ti, 176 Cimon, 198 Cleomenes, 214 Constantine the Great, 226 Cyrus the Great, 233 Deborah, 246 Epaminondas, 290 Fabius Maximus, Quintus, 334 Genseric, 342 Hannibal, 364 Hengist, 378 Leonidas, 501 Marius, Gaius, 528 Masinissa, 535 Miltiades the Younger, 553 Nebuchadnezzar II, 569 Pheidippides, 621 Philip II of Macedonia, 628 Piankhi, 636 Pompey the Great, 679 Regulus, Marcus Atilius, 739 Sargon II, 754 Scipio Aemilianus, 757 Scipio Africanus, 760 Seleucus I Nicator, 767 Shapur II, 778 Spartacus, 814
Stilicho, Flavius, 825 Sulla, Lucius Cornelius, 833 Themistocles, 857 Trajan, 899 Vercingetorix, 922 Xerxes I, 962
