ABSTRACT
A herniated T-8 thoracic disk may cause which of these findings:
A. Paraparesis B. Autonomic bladder C. Bilateral Babinski signs D. Absent abdominal reflexes E. All of the above
4. Clinical features of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) include:
A. Pain in the forearm B. Positive Phalen sign C. Weakness of thumb flexion D. Normal triceps reflex E. All of the above
Age-related changes which occur in the spine and may be imaged by MRI findings include:
The pathophysiological mechanisms which initiate disk herniation include:
A. Radial tear of annulus fibrosis B. Prolapse of disk C. Extrusion of disk D. Biochemical changes within disk E. All of the above
Facet joint degeneration (osteoarthropathy) results from:
A. Mechanical load and stress resulting from disk space narrowing
B. Lumbar stenosis C. Spine instability D. Paget disease E. All of the above
Approximately this percentage of patients with acute low back pain respond to conservative therapy within 4 weeks:
A. 50% B. 66% C. 75% D. 90% E. 100%
If the patient has low back and hip pain and the pain can be exacerbated by external hip rotation, the most likely source of the pain is:
A. L-4 radiculopathy B. Sacro-iliac joint C. Hip joint pathology D. Lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy E. None of the above
In a patient with midthoracic back pain who reports tenderness to palpation over the T-6 vertebral body, the most likely diagnosis is:
A. Thoracic disk herniation B. Metastatic neoplasm C. Facet osteoarthropathy D. Rheumatoid arthritis E. Epidural hematoma
A 36-year-old man is evaluated for low back pain of 2 weeks' duration. He is entirely healthy, and the pain occurred after he worked in his garden. This diagnostic study should be done immediately:
A. EMGfNCY B. Plain lumbo-sacral spine radiogram C. Myelogram with postmyelogram CT D. None of the above E. All of the above
In patients with neoplastic conus medullaris compression, clinical features usually include:
A. Symmetrical paraplegia with analgesia at waist level
B. Normal ankle jerks C. Bladder dysfunction D. Plantar flexor signs E. All of the above
In patients with cauda equina compression, clinical features usually include:
A. Asymmetric leg weakness B. Absent ankle and knee reflexes C. Bladder dysfunction D. All of the above E. None of the above
The term spinal shock refers to:
B. Blood loss and hypovolemia following systemic injury
The spinal cord region responsible for reflexogenic penile erection is the:
A. Parasympathetic center at S-2 to S-4 B. Sympathetic center at S-2 to S-4 C. Sympathetic center at T-lO to L-2 D. Somatic motor fibers at S-2 to S-4 E. Hypothalamus
16. In a patient with erectile dysfunction, the best test to determine organicity of this disturbance is:
A. EMGfNCY B. Myelogram C. Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) D. Cystometrogram E. Endocrine studies
17. Sexual dysfunction occurs in these conditions:
A. Depressive illness B. Diabetes mellitus C. Multiple sclerosis D. Lumbar sympathectomy E. All of the above
Matching
Match the clinical findings with the spinal cord dysfunction.
