ABSTRACT
Edema is defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid within the interstitial space. It is a pathological condition and a sign of disturbed microcirculation. The formation of interstitial edema may alter the tissue’s nutrition and viability. It may contribute to tissue hypoxia by increasing the distance that oxygen must diffuse from the capillary to the cell (Figure 18.1). Another harmful effect of edema is its influence on the magnitude of fluid transportation over the capillary bed by affecting the Starling equilibration as discussed in Chapter 1. Edema increases the interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure. Therefore, the local perfusion pressure may decrease. Patients with limb edema may experience discomfort and pain.
