ABSTRACT
Spectroscopic techniques examine different types of light-tissue interactions and provide biochemical and morphological information at the molecular, cell, and tissue levels in a noninvasive way. Because light delivery and collection are compatible with optical fibers and data analysis can be achieved in real time, spectroscopic information can serve as a powerful tool for assessing the state of tissue
in vivo
thus, guiding surgery or biopsy or monitoring the effects of treatment. Ultimately, optical techniques could eliminate the need for biopsy, at least in some cases, and allow for a single triage visit during which detection and treatment of a lesion could be combined. However, to optimize the use of optical methods in disease detection and treatment, it is important to understand and quantify the information provided by the detected optical signals. Spectroscopic techniques are ideal for this purpose.
