ABSTRACT
Cement is another commodity that is manufactured on a large scale and, by the nature of the material, uses pneumatic conveying systems extensively for its conveying. Because of its use in the construction industry it is distributed internationally, nationally and locally. Large bulk carriers are used for international transport and a wide range of ship loading and off-loading systems have been used and developed over the years. Large and small scale storage depots are used for its distribution nationally, with inland locations generally supplied by rail wagons, and coastal locations, often based at existing ports, supplied by self off-loading ships. Local distribution is normally by specialized road vehicles, generally capable of being pressurized for self off-loading directly into storage silos.
