ABSTRACT
While the use of electric currents in medical practice dates back more than 2000 years, today’s interest in cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) probably had its beginnings in the research thrusts that began in France in 1903 by Leduc and Rouxeau. Leduc’s student, Robinovitch, made the first claim for inducing sleep from electrical treatment in 1914 (1).
