ABSTRACT
Introduction In a recent survey on contemporary test usage, researchers found that clinical psychologists were using test instruments that were used 20 to 40 years ago (Watkins, Campbell, Nieberding, & Hallmark, 1995). Test practices have changed very little over the past few decades. Th e one exception was the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory1 (MCMI-III) (Millon, 1983, 1987, 1994, 1997), which is now frequently used in clinical settings., In a survey of tests used by forensic psychologists for child custody evaluations, the MCMI was used by 34% of forensic psychologists (Ackerman & Ackerman, 1997); in a similar survey 10 years before the test was not used at all for this purpose (Keilen & Bloom, 1986). Th e MCMI is now the second most frequently used personality test in civil (Boccaccini & Brodsky, 1999) and criminal cases (Borum & Grisso, 1995), and it continues to be used in child custody evaluations (Quinnell & Bow, 2001). Nine books have been published on this test (Choca, 2004; Craig, 1993a,b, 1999a, 2005a,b; Jankowski, 2002; McCann & Dyer, 1996; and Retzlaff , 1995), and 12 reviews have been written, in mostly peer-reviewed journals (Choca, 2001; Craig, 1999b; Dana & Cantrell, 1988; Fleishaur, 1987; Greer, 1984; Haladyna, 1992; Hess, 1985, 1990; Lanyon, 1984; McCabe, 1984; Reynolds, 1992; and Wetzler, 1990). Th e test is now routinely covered in edited books on major psychological tests (Bohlian, Meagher, & Millon, 2005; Craig 1997, 2001, 2006a; Davis, Meagher, Gonclaves, Woodward, & Millon, 1999; Davis & Millon, 1993, 1997; Gonclaves, Woodward & Millon, 1994; Groth-Marnatt, 1997; Hall & Phung, 2001; Lehne, 1994, 2002;
Millon, 1984; Millon & Davis, 1996, 1998; Millon & Meagher, 2003), and, of course, in texts which deal with the various Millon inventories (Craig, 1997, 2002 ). What accounts for this growth?
