ABSTRACT
According to Wise and Gardner (2004) there is no single, generally accepted definition of addiction. Nestler (2004) defined drug addiction as “the compulsive seeking (drug craving) and administration of a drug despite grave adverse consequences or as a loss of control over drug intake” (p. 698). The American Psychiatric Association (DSM IV-TR, APA, 2000) has divided substance-related disorders into two groups: substance use disorders and substance induced disorders. Substance induced disorders include substance intoxication, substance withdrawal, substance induced delirium, substance induced persisting dementia, substance induced persisting amnestic disorder, substance induced psychotic disorder, substance inducedmood disorder, substance induced anxiety disorder, substance induced sexual dysfunction disorder, and substance induced sleep disorder (refer to DSM IV-TR for additional information). Substance use disorders include substance abuse and substance dependence. As defined by the DSM IV-TR, substance dependence involves a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms as well as continued use of the substance despite significant substance-related problems (Table 8.1).
