Emotional Intelligence and Deception Detection: Why Most People Can't "Read" Others, But a Few Can

Interest in expressive (nonverbal) behavior never totally died out. however. A few researchers remained interested in the face. the voice and gesture. Efron (1941) studied the transmission of hand gestures across generations in two groups of New York immigrants. His description of emblems. nonverbal gestures that substitute for words. is still used. Engen. Levy. and Schlosberg (1957) studied the Marjorie Lightfoot series of photographs. which was used in many early studies of emotion recognition.