ABSTRACT
This chapter begins with the trends leading to the "nonaversive movement", the attempt to eliminate the use of aversive procedures with the population. Federal Medicaid regulations, which govern the use of specific procedures such as timeout, restraint, and aversive consequences in institutions, adopted the Wyatt standards and became increasingly stringent and more rigorously enforced. The original TASH resolution was based in part on the board's belief that evidence for the effectiveness of aversive interventions was "questionable" and "on the observations among board members that these procedures were being both abused and misused in a variety of settings that serve persons with disabilities". In a classic series of studies, Diana Baumrind found that authoritative parents, who use a combination of firm discipline, reasoning, and warmth, rear children who are happy, self-reliant, responsible, and competent. Guess et al. argued that the use of aversives was practiced in a discriminatory manner.
