ABSTRACT
The research discussed in the first two chapters was mainly descriptive. Descriptive research is of crucial importance because it defines the phenomena under investigation and suggests avenues of understanding. Description should always accompany explanation. However, as scientists, our chief interest lies in what is the cause of the phenomena we study. Thus, good science must always move back and forth between description of the phenomena and experimentation on the phenomena’s causation. In this chapter, we begin to discuss the theories that have been advanced and tested to understand why TOTs occur.
