ABSTRACT
14.11. As a rule words that can be used as adjuncts (pre-adjuncts) can also be used in the same form as predicatives. But in some cases there is some slight difference in form between the two employments. The accentual difference between fourteen with stronger stress on the first syllable as a pre-adjunct and with stronger stress on the last syllable as a predicative ('fourteen years | she is just four'teen, I. 5. 44; cf. overhead wires | these wires are placed overhead) is not exactly a case in point, because the stress-shifting is not invariably occasioned by the syntactical function. Compounds like good-natured similarly have rhythmically weaker stress on the second element when used as adjuncts than in other positions. Participles with -en as pre-adjuncts and without -en in other positions (bitten: bit | beaten: beat | stricken: struck | drunken: drunk | hidden: hid, etc.) will be dealt with in the Morphology; the distinction is in no case carried through with absolute consistency. The archaic form olden is only used as adjunct (olden days, times), whereas old may be used in any position. In the pronouns we have more consistency in the (inverse) employment of the forms with and without -n (mine: my dog) and of those with and without -s (hers: her dog), see ch. XVI. A somewhat similar distinction is found in other cases, where the form with s is used by itself as an adverb (as a subjunct), while the form without s is adjunctal, thus in homewards: our homeward journey (14.942) |indoors: his indoor life. And if finally we compare the use of the plural form with s and the corresponding form without s in adjunctal use: billiards: a billiard table | three volumes: a three volume novel (7 1), we see a general tendency towards the distinction: forms with s standiug by themselves, and forms without s standing in close connexion with other forms.
