Introduction

How does anyone set about trying to discover how the brain regulates behavior? Dismantling it, the traditional approach of budding scientists to alarm clocks (in the days when alarm clocks were full of clockwork), may reveal how it looks, but not how it works. There is no-one to whom the investigator can write for a manual or a blueprint. Confronted by billions of cells connected by untold miles of threadlike processes, early psychologists were inclined to give up on the problem and concentrate on making sense of the behavior it produced.