ABSTRACT
And How Is It Attained At the end of my study I conducted a brief two-part exploration of when and how a teacher attains PUFM. First, in order to have a general idea about when one might attain PUFM, I interviewed two groups of people in China who had not been teachers, using the same questions that had been asked of teachers. One group was a class of 26 preservice teachers. The other group consisted of 20 ninth-grade students.1 The former were examined for their knowledge at the end of their teacher education program, and the latter were investigated for the kind of knowledge a student might have upon entering a teacher education program.
