ABSTRACT
This chapter identifies the scope of the problems that we are concerned with in this book,
and introduces the criteria that we adopt in searching for a solution to these problems.
The book describes a framework for CWA consisting of a set of concepts that have been
developed in the area of research known as cognitive engineering. This framework is
explicitly tailored to the relatively unique demands imposed by complex sociotechnical
systems. Our intention is to target a broad range of application areas, including those that
are characterized primarily by cooperation between people mediated by machines, as well
as those that are characterized primarily by collaborative human and machine control of
some technical system. We argue that complex sociotechnical systems pose new
challenges that are not effectively addressed by traditional approaches to human factors
or HCI. In the second half of the chapter, we propose that the primary criteria for
effectiveness in complex sociotechnical systems are safety, productivity, and health. A
wealth of data is presented to demonstrate that these criteria are not currently being dealt
with effectively by industry. Finally, we summarize the criteria that an analysis
framework will have to satisfy if it is to lead to safe, productive, and healthy
computer-based work.
