ABSTRACT
An enormous range of nonverbal indicators that could be examined by researchers interested in studying the role of nonverbal cues in deception. As postulated in interpersonal deception theory, profiles of deception indicators must include strategic as well as nonstrategic acts. Researchers seeking to measure deception nonverbally are therefore advised to take a multimethod, multi-behavior, multicode approach, obtaining both subjective and objective measures, and to include multiple behaviors from visual, vocal, proxemic, and verbal codes. Traditionally, deception has been associated with indicators of arousal, based on the assumption that telling lies, especially high-stakes ones, creates involuntary anxiety and arousal that becomes unintentionally manifest through one's nonverbal behaviors. Closely associated with arousal indicators are indicators of emotional states. Memory Processes refers to indicators associated with memory or accessing memory. Message Production Processes refers to indicators associated with speech or message production itself, in other words, with the process of translating thoughts into utterances.
