ABSTRACT

The introduction of powerful automation in a variety of transport applications has increased the emphasis on human cognitive work. Human operators on, for example, ship bridges or aircraft flight decks spend much time integrating data, planning activities, and managing a suite of machine resources in the conduct of their tasks. This shift has contributed to the utility of a concept such as situation awareness. One large term can capture the extent to which operators are in tune with relevant process data and can form a picture of the system and its progress in space and time.