ABSTRACT

Passenger fares are normally dictated by the nature of the voyage, the class of ship and the accommodation offered. The Italians have the largest deep-sea passenger fleet. The docking expenses of the passenger vessel on an international voyage involving the disembarkation of passengers is costly and many cruise operators rely on passenger tenders (launches) to convey passengers to and from the vessel situated in outer harbour. Shipboard operating costs are high, since food and service must be provided. Product differentiation is an outstanding factor, since the service and comfort of different cruise lines and vessels by class of cabin accommodation vary greatly.