ABSTRACT
In conditions of intensive industrial and technological progress, human activities depend more and more on weather and climate, in particular for agriculture, energy production and transport. An important fact is that the impact of human activities on the environment and climate is increasing, for example, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) affecting the ozone layer and the climatic consequences of increased CO2 and other minor gaseous constituents. The most serious errors in the forecasts of large-scale motions appear to be connected with an inadequate simulation of long (planetary-scale) waves, whose variability determines the location of anomalies in temperature and the jet streams that stimulate the evolution of cyclones. Planning of an observational system in the interests of the climate problem is impossible without more-reliably-substantiated requirements for observational data, based on further development of climate models. Problems of solar-climatic relations and the impact on weather also deserve serious attention.
