ABSTRACT
Kinship can, of course, play an important role in this regard. If potential new members of one's group are seen as kin, accepting them as collaborati\'(:, partners would seem to encounter fewer obstacles than if total strangers are being recruited, Conwrsely, an unrelated outsider wishing to join a group might be well advised to inyent kinship if othn grounds for acceptance are lacking. In short, as soon as models of co-operation and competition include pl'fcei\'ed kinship between potential or actual partners, we can readily see that fictive kinship can have multiple ad\'antages for unrelated or distantly related individuals who can thereby increase net gains through co-operation.
