ABSTRACT
The pressures on the environmental resources and the problems due to the irreversible destruction of the natural resource base have escalated to globally threatening levels for the future of humanity. Transboundary environmental problems such as climatic change, desertification, decline in biodiversity, acid rains, environmental migrations, illegal trade of hazardous wastes affect all humanity alike. The scarcity of natural resources due to disruption of ecological balances creates risks for fundamental life-support systems. Environmental problems like the ecosystems are transboundary and supranational in quality, hence they require complex solution methods due to the interconnected structure of environmental pressures and often lead to local, national and international consequences. Owing to the general characteristics of environmental problems, counteraction necessitates cooperation not only among various social actors at national level but also among various states.
