ABSTRACT
Yokohama muki1 – made in Yokohama style – was not a complementary term. It created a vision of the foreign traveller shopping in Yokohama where Japanese merchants sold art objects as high-quality Japanese goods when they were in fact cheap and shoddy items made specially for export. Yokohama mono2 (Yokohama things) were considered typical of the treaty port, where unscrupulous dealings, by Japanese and foreigner alike, were considered normal behaviour.
