'abīd is often used to designate the plural 'ibād see v.32 of Sūrat al-Nūr (q.v.). 'Abd often forms part Abdē l (Ar.) [sing. badat] The word means literally 'substitutes' to designate a rank in the ūfī (q.v.) hierarchy abdāl: some maintain that there are Summa (al-Mughnī). (See Qadī; Shāfī'īs.) : 'slaves', while 'ibād is used for 'servants (of God)'. Al-'Ibād means 'mankind'. However, the Qur'ān does use for slaves: of a proper name, e.g. 'Abd al-Rahm ān (= Servant of the Merciful God). Slavery was common throughout Islamic history He espoused the theology of the Mu'tazila (q.v.) and was a notable exponent of their views. Legally he belonged at first to the Shāf ī' ī School of Islamic law. He held the post of Chief Judge in Rayy which was near modern Tehran. When his protector in Rayy died, he was deposed and little is known about the latter part of his life. His most important work of Theology

doi:10.4324/9780203986158-7

Chapter

'abīd is often used to designate the plural 'ibād see v.32 of Sūrat al-Nūr (q.v.). 'Abd often forms part Abdē l (Ar.) [sing. badat] The word means literally 'substitutes' to designate a rank in the ūfī (q.v.) hierarchy abdāl: some maintain that there are Summa (al-Mughnī). (See Qadī; Shāfī'īs.)

Chapter

'slaves', while 'ibād is used for 'servants (of God)'. Al-'Ibād means 'mankind'. However, the Qur'ān does use for slaves: of a proper name, e.g. 'Abd al-Rahm ān (= Servant of the Merciful God). Slavery was common throughout Islamic history He espoused the theology of the Mu'tazila (q.v.) and was a notable exponent of their views. Legally he belonged at first to the Shāf ī' ī School of Islamic law. He held the post of Chief Judge in Rayy which was near modern Tehran. When his protector in Rayy died, he was deposed and little is known about the latter part of his life. His most important work of Theology

ABSTRACT

'Abd