See v.245 of Sūrat al-Baqara (q.v.) in the Qur'ān. qadar specifically is the : Qābīl and Hābīl The Arabic names for Cain and Abel. These two sons of Ādam (q.v.) are mentioned, though not by these names, in the Qur'ān which tells the well-known story of the first murder. (See w.27-31 of Sūrat al-Mā'ida (q.v.).) Qadā' (Ar.) Divine decree, divine judgment, divine will, the

doi:10.4324/9780203986158-72

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See v.245 of Sūrat al-Baqara (q.v.) in the Qur'ān. qadar specifically is the

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ABSTRACT

Islamic theology. It was discussed, for example, by the Mu'tazila (q. v.); the solution, in so far as it may really be termed a solution, was formulated eventually by theologians according to the doctrine of kasb (q.v.). In answer to the idea that Arabic had no word which exactly paralleled or translated the Greek autoexousios, that is, 'free will', M. S. Seale in his Muslim Theology (see back of this Dictionary for full bibliographical details) has maintained that this was not the case, and suggested that tafwīd (delegation), from the verb fawwaday was a good equivalent. He notes: Fawwada means the entrusting by God to man of the power to act and choose through tafwīd, that is delegation. It is significant that one of the seven Qadarī groups . . . was called the Mufawwida, because they believed that they were empowered to act without God's help or guidance'. (See Kalām; Taqdīr.)

Qadhf (Ar.) False accusation of unchastity. (See Hadd.)

Qādī (Ar.) [pl. qudāt] Judge. Some people refused to become judges in early and mediaeval Islam lest their judgements lead them to condemnation in Hell fire. The institution dates from the time of the Umayyads (q.v.).