ABSTRACT
Introduction The compactness of urban form affects energy demand and environmental quality. A significant part of the environmental impact of urban activities is related to energy consumption. In most cases, the amount of energy consumed by industrial production is similar to that consumed by transport and by buildings, although energy use in buildings is now increasing to become the most important sector of energy demand. Energy use in buildings is related principally to heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting, with a very much smaller proportion for other building-related uses such as vertical circulation, water pumps, and non buildingrelated uses such as domestic and office equipment, TVs, refrigerators.
