ABSTRACT
It is not surprising that Newman and Thornley (1996, pp. 27-76) labelled the planning system in the UK the British family. The first comprehensive law regarding physical planning was passed in 1947. It has subsequently been adjusted, but the main principles have remained unchanged. Three functions were distinguished: development control, development plans, and central government supervision. The first two functions are mainly a local responsibility. In contrast to many other countries, the development plan is not legally binding. Other material considerations can override the plan (or parts of it) in some situations. Earlier, these plans had to be approved by the central government, but this has since been changed. The central government is now responsible only for legislation regarding physical planning, and for issuing general policy guidelines. However, citizens, companies etc. have the right to lodge an appeal directed towards the central government. This is an important aspect of the system, as the central government may have a different view on the development plan in question from that held by the local authority. In formulating development plans or preparing development decisions, planners always consider the implications of any appeal to the central government. In general, as metropolitan administrative bodies have become weaker or have been eliminated altogether, the planning system in the UK has become more flexible. Local authorities and especially the central government now have a strong position (ISOCARP, 1992, pp. 240-255). With this relative shift in power towards the central government, the fiscal basis for infrastructure development at the local and regional level has also been decreased.
