ABSTRACT
There is broad agreement that transport is one of the major factors determining the spatial organization of urban areas. Medieval cities were built for walking, and this required that living and working were close together. The railway made spatial division of labour possible and so opened the way for the growth of cities. Rapid transit and the private car have facilitated the expansion of metropolitan areas over wider and wider territories. However, the growing separation of human activities demands ever longer trips and greater volumes of traffic with all their associated problems of congestion, traffic accidents, energy use, pollution and land consumption.
