ABSTRACT
A number of problems were common to all nineteenth-century capital cities, for example the rapid growth in population, the low standard of hygiene and poor traffic conditions. At the same time, however, the differences between the towns were also striking. We need only mention size, topography, administrative procedures, the standard of the existing street network and so on. The demands facing the planners thus varied greatly from one town to another. Consequently the plans themselves also differ in many ways, as well as having several features in common.1
