ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION The concept of system dynamics models of organizational operations was first introduced in the industrial/organizational psychology literature during the 1950s (Rouwette & Vennix, 2006). Later, in the 1970s and 1980s, studies began to emerge suggesting that organizational development theory, traditionally applied to business settings, could be also applied to schools (Schmuck, 1995). Several theorists in the field of school psychology, including Zins, Curtis, Graden, and Ponti (1988), Zins & Ponti (1990), Schmuck (1995), Illback & Zins (1995), and Illback & Zins(2007), among others, have written about this topic, advocating for organizational and systems consultation (OSC) to promote organizational developmental change in educational settings. Similarly, in the discipline of school counseling, a number of researchers, including Kurpius and Rozecki (1992),West and Idol (1993), and White and Mullis (1998) have also encouraged the use of OSC in educational settings.
